CORE ASSESSMENT

Core strength and core stability are often used interchangeably; but the two are not the same as we have seen in previous posts.

Whether the concern is core strength or core stability, the question is how to measure it. Regardless of the definition or location used to identify the core, it maintains the stability of the spine in a neutral position during movement of the extremities. Given the amount of research that has been completed on the core, there is no standardized definition or means of assessment for the core.

Core assessment may include measures of flexibility of the torso, functional balance, and various forms of torso strength primarily to determine a link between the core and the risk for injury, particularly to the low back. Because the core is responsible for spine stability, testing of the core musculature must be done with caution so as not to cause injury to the spine. Essentially there are three variables that contribute to core stability: intra-abdominal pressure, spinal compressive forces, and hip and trunk muscle stiffness.

Muscular core assessment can be either static of dynamic. Static, or isometric, core testing requires people to hold a position for a period of time with no movement of the body. This form of assessment is simple to utilize and can be completed by people of all fitness levels, but it is most suitable for those who are less physically active. Dynamic core assessment requires movement of the body and is most suitable for those at a higher level of fitness and those implement or special equipment. Testing can be specific to the sport or activity, although it is often complex.

We are going to focus on functional core assessment. There are many tests to assess it. Keep in mind these tests do not directly assess the core but speculate a strong or weak core based on how well the participant completes the task.

The first is the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), which requires the layout of two sets of lines on a floor. The first set of lines run perpendicular to each other. The second set of lines run at 45-degree angles to the first set. Participants stand on the dominant leg where both sets of lines intersect and reach out in each direction with the non-dominant leg as far as possible without touching the floor. The farthest distance reached with the toe in each direction is recorded. This type of assessment is typically completed to determine the effectiveness of a training protocol, rehabilitation, or implement (e.g. ankle brace). 
https://www.google.es/search?q=SEBT&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwits8vDyN3aAhVEVxQKHceCDCIQ_AUoAXoECAAQAw&biw=1920&bih=949#imgrc=ROTGuHZ9oGNVQM:

The second functional core test is the single-leg squat test. Here subjects are required to perform repeated partial squats to 45 degrees or 60 degrees of knee flexion. The movement of the person is analyzed, particularly knee position (valgus or knock-kneed and varus or bowlegged), using motion analysis. The knee should track the foot. Any deviation suggests a problem with muscle activation and force transfer through the core, possibly leading to future injury. Subjective analysis can be completed if motion analysis equipment is not available.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxDbm7_CWec
All information was extracted from (Willardson & National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S.), 2014)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Willardson, J. M., & National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S.). (2014). Developing the core.

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